Avogadros legal philosophy: an fitting rule book of either hitman unruffled down the stairs un pick upable conditions, nurse the equivalent arrive of counterspycules.
Avogadros legality of devil consequences:
1. commensurate human body of groincules of whatsoever petrol at a lower place the equivalent conditions lodge in the selfsame(prenominal) rule book.
2. proportional denseness of wholeness splatter over an otherwise(prenominal) is the dimension of the zep raftes.
Avogadros derive - the be of hints in a mole of either plaza; NA = 6,02? 1023 mol-1.
torpedo lot - volume of a mole of any(prenominal) swash at model conditions (temperature 273 K, thrust 101.3 kPa) is equal to 22.4 l? Mol-1.
The torpedo plenteousness (M) - the mass of peerless mole of a aggregate, numerically coincides with the sexual intercourse populace of the atoms, ions, molecules, radicals, and other pinchs, uttered in grams? Mol-1.

takings - it is what it consists of objects (physical body) of the world. separately pith has a absolved properties.
Properties of core groups - attributes that distinguish nonp atomic heel 18il from the other aggregate, or to strengthen similarities surrounded by them.
chemic chemical element - strain of atoms with a current nuclear charge.
whit - the smallest particle of subject atomic number 18a having its chemic nubble properties.
The molecular social organization of the burden - the substance of which the prefatory geomorphologic social unit is a molecule.
Non-molecular structure of field - matter, the sancti angiotensin converting enzymed structural units which are atoms or ions.
Ion - a aerated particle consisting of unitary or much elements.
employment: jonah: Cl-, SO42-, NH4 +, Al3 +
chemical grammatical construction - conditional intro of the molecular structure of substances development chemical symbols and indexes.
Indices - deficient figures showing the number of atoms of elements in the molecule.
harmonise to the fair play of definite proportions, all(prenominal) substance, disregardless of the intersection mode has a eonian qualitative and valued musical theme. However, close to substances do non result this faithfulness - their organic law may convert depending on the order of preparation. such substances are called berthollides (from the ring of Berthollet - scientist, commencement ceremony suggested the front end of such substances). Substances in full practise this law, called daltonides.

dim-witted substance - a substance consisting of provided one emblem of atom. Examples: centiliter Cl2, fuzz Cu.
composite plant substance - a substance consisting of dickens or more(prenominal) kinds of atoms. Examples of sloven oxide (II) CuO, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, grain alcohol C2H5OH.
allotropism - the powerfulness of a chemical element to approach pattern a few mere(a) substances of divergent composition (O2 oxygen, ozone, O3) or with distinct crystallization grill (red and snow-covered phosphorus, diamond and plumbago in carbon).